[1]
Dinakar Ch, O’Connor GT. The Health Effects of Electronic Cigarettes. The New England journal of medicine. 2016 Dec 29:375(26):2608-2609. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1613869. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 28029910]
[2]
Hajek P, Phillips-Waller A, Przulj D, Pesola F, Myers Smith K, Bisal N, Li J, Parrott S, Sasieni P, Dawkins L, Ross L, Goniewicz M, Wu Q, McRobbie HJ. A Randomized Trial of E-Cigarettes versus Nicotine-Replacement Therapy. The New England journal of medicine. 2019 Feb 14:380(7):629-637. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1808779. Epub 2019 Jan 30
[PubMed PMID: 30699054]
Level 1 (high-level) evidence
[3]
Layden JE, Ghinai I, Pray I, Kimball A, Layer M, Tenforde MW, Navon L, Hoots B, Salvatore PP, Elderbrook M, Haupt T, Kanne J, Patel MT, Saathoff-Huber L, King BA, Schier JG, Mikosz CA, Meiman J. Pulmonary Illness Related to E-Cigarette Use in Illinois and Wisconsin - Final Report. The New England journal of medicine. 2020 Mar 5:382(10):903-916. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1911614. Epub 2019 Sep 6
[PubMed PMID: 31491072]
[4]
Soneji S,Barrington-Trimis JL,Wills TA,Leventhal AM,Unger JB,Gibson LA,Yang J,Primack BA,Andrews JA,Miech RA,Spindle TR,Dick DM,Eissenberg T,Hornik RC,Dang R,Sargent JD, Association Between Initial Use of e-Cigarettes and Subsequent Cigarette Smoking Among Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA pediatrics. 2017 Aug 1;
[PubMed PMID: 28654986]
Level 1 (high-level) evidence
[5]
McConnell R, Barrington-Trimis JL, Wang K, Urman R, Hong H, Unger J, Samet J, Leventhal A, Berhane K. Electronic Cigarette Use and Respiratory Symptoms in Adolescents. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2017 Apr 15:195(8):1043-1049. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201604-0804OC. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 27806211]
[6]
Qasim H, Karim ZA, Rivera JO, Khasawneh FT, Alshbool FZ. Impact of Electronic Cigarettes on the Cardiovascular System. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2017 Aug 30:6(9):. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.117.006353. Epub 2017 Aug 30
[PubMed PMID: 28855171]
[7]
Jenssen BP, Boykan R. Electronic Cigarettes and Youth in the United States: A Call to Action (at the Local, National and Global Levels). Children (Basel, Switzerland). 2019 Feb 20:6(2):. doi: 10.3390/children6020030. Epub 2019 Feb 20
[PubMed PMID: 30791645]
[9]
Prochaska JJ. The public health consequences of e-cigarettes: a review by the National Academies of Sciences. A call for more research, a need for regulatory action. Addiction (Abingdon, England). 2019 Apr:114(4):587-589. doi: 10.1111/add.14478. Epub 2018 Nov 16
[PubMed PMID: 30347473]
[10]
Goldenson NI, Kirkpatrick MG, Barrington-Trimis JL, Pang RD, McBeth JF, Pentz MA, Samet JM, Leventhal AM. Effects of sweet flavorings and nicotine on the appeal and sensory properties of e-cigarettes among young adult vapers: Application of a novel methodology. Drug and alcohol dependence. 2016 Nov 1:168():176-180. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.09.014. Epub 2016 Sep 22
[PubMed PMID: 27676583]
[11]
England LJ, Bunnell RE, Pechacek TF, Tong VT, McAfee TA. Nicotine and the Developing Human: A Neglected Element in the Electronic Cigarette Debate. American journal of preventive medicine. 2015 Aug:49(2):286-93. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.01.015. Epub 2015 Mar 17
[PubMed PMID: 25794473]
[12]
Rigotti NA, Balancing the Benefits and Harms of E-Cigarettes: A National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine Report. Annals of internal medicine. 2018 May 1;
[PubMed PMID: 29435573]
[13]
Pierce JP, Sargent JD, White MM, Borek N, Portnoy DB, Green VR, Kaufman AR, Stanton CA, Bansal-Travers M, Strong DR, Pearson JL, Coleman BN, Leas E, Noble ML, Trinidad DR, Moran MB, Carusi C, Hyland A, Messer K. Receptivity to Tobacco Advertising and Susceptibility to Tobacco Products. Pediatrics. 2017 Jun:139(6):. doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-3353. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 28562266]
[14]
Ling PM, Glantz SA. Why and how the tobacco industry sells cigarettes to young adults: evidence from industry documents. American journal of public health. 2002 Jun:92(6):908-16
[PubMed PMID: 12036776]
[15]
Leventhal AM, Stone MD, Andrabi N, Barrington-Trimis J, Strong DR, Sussman S, Audrain-McGovern J. Association of e-Cigarette Vaping and Progression to Heavier Patterns of Cigarette Smoking. JAMA. 2016 Nov 8:316(18):1918-1920. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.14649. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 27825000]
[16]
Conner M,Grogan S,Simms-Ellis R,Flett K,Sykes-Muskett B,Cowap L,Lawton R,Armitage C,Meads D,Schmitt L,Torgerson C,West R,Siddiqi K, Evidence that an intervention weakens the relationship between adolescent electronic cigarette use and tobacco smoking: a 24-month prospective study. Tobacco control. 2019 Jun 28
[PubMed PMID: 31253718]
Level 2 (mid-level) evidence