[1]
Pickhardt PJ, Levy AD, Rohrmann CA Jr, Kende AI. Primary neoplasms of the appendix: radiologic spectrum of disease with pathologic correlation. Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc. 2003 May-Jun:23(3):645-62
[PubMed PMID: 12740466]
[2]
Shaib WL, Assi R, Shamseddine A, Alese OB, Staley C 3rd, Memis B, Adsay V, Bekaii-Saab T, El-Rayes BF. Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasms: Diagnosis and Management. The oncologist. 2017 Sep:22(9):1107-1116. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2017-0081. Epub 2017 Jun 29
[PubMed PMID: 28663356]
[3]
Perucho M. Microsatellite instability: the mutator that mutates the other mutator. Nature medicine. 1996 Jun:2(6):630-1
[PubMed PMID: 8640546]
[4]
Marra G, Boland CR. Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer: the syndrome, the genes, and historical perspectives. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 1995 Aug 2:87(15):1114-25
[PubMed PMID: 7674315]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[5]
Chung DC. The genetic basis of colorectal cancer: insights into critical pathways of tumorigenesis. Gastroenterology. 2000 Sep:119(3):854-65
[PubMed PMID: 10982779]
[6]
van den Heuvel MG, Lemmens VE, Verhoeven RH, de Hingh IH. The incidence of mucinous appendiceal malignancies: a population-based study. International journal of colorectal disease. 2013 Sep:28(9):1307-10. doi: 10.1007/s00384-013-1714-9. Epub 2013 May 22
[PubMed PMID: 23695388]
[7]
Hatch QM, Gilbert EW. Appendiceal Neoplasms. Clinics in colon and rectal surgery. 2018 Sep:31(5):278-287. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1642051. Epub 2018 Sep 4
[PubMed PMID: 30186049]
[8]
McCusker ME, Coté TR, Clegg LX, Sobin LH. Primary malignant neoplasms of the appendix: a population-based study from the surveillance, epidemiology and end-results program, 1973-1998. Cancer. 2002 Jun 15:94(12):3307-12
[PubMed PMID: 12115365]
[9]
Smeenk RM, van Velthuysen ML, Verwaal VJ, Zoetmulder FA. Appendiceal neoplasms and pseudomyxoma peritonei: a population based study. European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology. 2008 Feb:34(2):196-201
[PubMed PMID: 17524597]
[10]
Shaib WL, Goodman M, Chen Z, Kim S, Brutcher E, Bekaii-Saab T, El-Rayes BF. Incidence and Survival of Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasms: A SEER Analysis. American journal of clinical oncology. 2017 Dec:40(6):569-573. doi: 10.1097/COC.0000000000000210. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 26270447]
[11]
Marmor S, Portschy PR, Tuttle TM, Virnig BA. The rise in appendiceal cancer incidence: 2000-2009. Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract. 2015 Apr:19(4):743-50. doi: 10.1007/s11605-014-2726-7. Epub 2015 Jan 6
[PubMed PMID: 25560182]
[12]
Tirumani SH, Fraser-Hill M, Auer R, Shabana W, Walsh C, Lee F, Ryan JG. Mucinous neoplasms of the appendix: a current comprehensive clinicopathologic and imaging review. Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society. 2013 Feb 22:13(1):14-25. doi: 10.1102/1470-7330.2013.0003. Epub 2013 Feb 22
[PubMed PMID: 23439060]
[13]
Bradley RF, Stewart JH 4th, Russell GB, Levine EA, Geisinger KR. Pseudomyxoma peritonei of appendiceal origin: a clinicopathologic analysis of 101 patients uniformly treated at a single institution, with literature review. The American journal of surgical pathology. 2006 May:30(5):551-9
[PubMed PMID: 16699309]
[14]
Carr NJ, McCarthy WF, Sobin LH. Epithelial noncarcinoid tumors and tumor-like lesions of the appendix. A clinicopathologic study of 184 patients with a multivariate analysis of prognostic factors. Cancer. 1995 Feb 1:75(3):757-68
[PubMed PMID: 7828125]
[15]
McGory ML, Maggard MA, Kang H, O'Connell JB, Ko CY. Malignancies of the appendix: beyond case series reports. Diseases of the colon and rectum. 2005 Dec:48(12):2264-71
[PubMed PMID: 16258711]
Level 2 (mid-level) evidence
[16]
Ruoff C, Hanna L, Zhi W, Shahzad G, Gotlieb V, Saif MW. Cancers of the appendix: review of the literatures. ISRN oncology. 2011:2011():728579. doi: 10.5402/2011/728579. Epub 2011 Aug 11
[PubMed PMID: 22084738]
[17]
Modlin IM, Kidd M, Latich I, Zikusoka MN, Eick GN, Mane SM, Camp RL. Genetic differentiation of appendiceal tumor malignancy: a guide for the perplexed. Annals of surgery. 2006 Jul:244(1):52-60
[PubMed PMID: 16794389]
[18]
Stewart RJ, Mirakhur M. Primary malignant lymphoma of the appendix. The Ulster medical journal. 1986 Oct:55(2):187-9
[PubMed PMID: 3811021]
[19]
Dixit A, Robertson JH, Mudan SS, Akle C. Appendiceal mucocoeles and pseudomyxoma peritonei. World journal of gastroenterology. 2007 Apr 28:13(16):2381-4
[PubMed PMID: 17511043]
[20]
Carr NJ, Sobin LH. Neuroendocrine tumors of the appendix. Seminars in diagnostic pathology. 2004 May:21(2):108-19
[PubMed PMID: 15807471]
[21]
Persaud T, Swan N, Torreggiani WC. Giant mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix. Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc. 2007 Mar-Apr:27(2):553-7
[PubMed PMID: 17374868]
[22]
Madwed D, Mindelzun R, Jeffrey RB Jr. Mucocele of the appendix: imaging findings. AJR. American journal of roentgenology. 1992 Jul:159(1):69-72
[PubMed PMID: 1609724]
[23]
Que Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Li P, Ou G, Zhao W. Ultrasound-guided biopsy of greater omentum: an effective method to trace the origin of unclear ascites. European journal of radiology. 2009 May:70(2):331-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2008.01.036. Epub 2008 Mar 6
[PubMed PMID: 18328658]
[24]
Carmignani CP, Hampton R, Sugarbaker CE, Chang D, Sugarbaker PH. Utility of CEA and CA 19-9 tumor markers in diagnosis and prognostic assessment of mucinous epithelial cancers of the appendix. Journal of surgical oncology. 2004 Sep 15:87(4):162-6
[PubMed PMID: 15334630]
[25]
Yan TD, Brun EA, Sugarbaker PH. Discordant histology of primary appendiceal adenocarcinoid neoplasms with peritoneal dissemination. Annals of surgical oncology. 2008 May:15(5):1440-6. doi: 10.1245/s10434-007-9754-4. Epub 2008 Feb 26
[PubMed PMID: 18299936]
[26]
Stocchi L, Wolff BG, Larson DR, Harrington JR. Surgical treatment of appendiceal mucocele. Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960). 2003 Jun:138(6):585-9; discussion 589-90
[PubMed PMID: 12799327]
[27]
González Moreno S, Shmookler BM, Sugarbaker PH. Appendiceal mucocele. Contraindication to laparoscopic appendectomy. Surgical endoscopy. 1998 Sep:12(9):1177-9
[PubMed PMID: 9716778]
[28]
Miraliakbari R, Chapman WH 3rd. Laparoscopic treatment of an appendiceal mucocele. Journal of laparoendoscopic & advanced surgical techniques. Part A. 1999 Apr:9(2):159-63
[PubMed PMID: 10235354]
[29]
Panarelli NC, Yantiss RK. Mucinous neoplasms of the appendix and peritoneum. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine. 2011 Oct:135(10):1261-8. doi: 10.5858/arpa.2011-0034-RA. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 21970481]
[30]
Hoeffel C, Crema MD, Belkacem A, Azizi L, Lewin M, Arrivé L, Tubiana JM. Multi-detector row CT: spectrum of diseases involving the ileocecal area. Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc. 2006 Sep-Oct:26(5):1373-90
[PubMed PMID: 16973770]
[31]
Van de Moortele M, De Hertogh G, Sagaert X, Van Cutsem E. Appendiceal cancer : a review of the literature. Acta gastro-enterologica Belgica. 2020 Jul-Sep:83(3):441-448
[PubMed PMID: 33094592]
[32]
Zhang K, Meyerson C, Kassardjian A, Westbrook LM, Zheng W, Wang HL. Goblet Cell Carcinoid/Carcinoma: An Update. Advances in anatomic pathology. 2019 Mar:26(2):75-83. doi: 10.1097/PAP.0000000000000222. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 30601149]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[33]
Marte A, Sabatino MD, Cautiero P, Accardo M, Romano M, Parmeggiani P. Unexpected finding of laparoscopic appendectomy: appendix MALT lymphoma in children. Pediatric surgery international. 2008 Apr:24(4):471-3
[PubMed PMID: 17628810]
[34]
Xie X, Zhou Z, Song Y, Li W, Diao D, Dang C, Zhang H. The Management and Prognostic Prediction of Adenocarcinoma of Appendix. Scientific reports. 2016 Dec 16:6():39027. doi: 10.1038/srep39027. Epub 2016 Dec 16
[PubMed PMID: 27982068]
[35]
Morano WF, Gleeson EM, Sullivan SH, Padmanaban V, Mapow BL, Shewokis PA, Esquivel J, Bowne WB. Clinicopathological Features and Management of Appendiceal Mucoceles: A Systematic Review. The American surgeon. 2018 Feb 1:84(2):273-281
[PubMed PMID: 29580358]
Level 1 (high-level) evidence
[36]
Stewart JH 4th, Shen P, Russell GB, Bradley RF, Hundley JC, Loggie BL, Geisinger KR, Levine EA. Appendiceal neoplasms with peritoneal dissemination: outcomes after cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy. Annals of surgical oncology. 2006 May:13(5):624-34
[PubMed PMID: 16538401]
[37]
Shida D, Kanemitsu Y, Hamaguchi T, Shimada Y. Introducing the eighth edition of the tumor-node-metastasis classification as relevant to colorectal cancer, anal cancer and appendiceal cancer: a comparison study with the seventh edition of the tumor-node-metastasis and the Japanese Classification of Colorectal, Appendiceal, and Anal Carcinoma. Japanese journal of clinical oncology. 2019 Apr 1:49(4):321-328. doi: 10.1093/jjco/hyy198. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 30608547]
[38]
Pai RK, Beck AH, Norton JA, Longacre TA. Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms: clinicopathologic study of 116 cases with analysis of factors predicting recurrence. The American journal of surgical pathology. 2009 Oct:33(10):1425-39. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181af6067. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 19641451]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[39]
Varisco B, McAlvin B, Dias J, Franga D. Adenocarcinoid of the appendix: is right hemicolectomy necessary? A meta-analysis of retrospective chart reviews. The American surgeon. 2004 Jul:70(7):593-9
[PubMed PMID: 15279181]
Level 2 (mid-level) evidence
[40]
Karande GY, Chua WM, Yiin RSZ, Wong KM, Hedgire S, Tan TJ. Spectrum of computed tomography manifestations of appendiceal neoplasms: acute appendicitis and beyond. Singapore medical journal. 2019 Apr:60(4):173-182. doi: 10.11622/smedj.2019035. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 31069398]
[41]
Leonards LM, Pahwa A, Patel MK, Petersen J, Nguyen MJ, Jude CM. Neoplasms of the Appendix: Pictorial Review with Clinical and Pathologic Correlation. Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc. 2017 Jul-Aug:37(4):1059-1083. doi: 10.1148/rg.2017160150. Epub 2017 Jun 9
[PubMed PMID: 28598731]
[42]
Ahmed K, Hoque R, El-Tawil S, Khan MS, George ML. Adenocarcinoma of the appendix presenting as bilateral ureteric obstruction. World journal of surgical oncology. 2008 Feb 21:6():23. doi: 10.1186/1477-7819-6-23. Epub 2008 Feb 21
[PubMed PMID: 18291037]