[1]
Lazarou J, Pomeranz BH, Corey PN. Incidence of adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. JAMA. 1998 Apr 15:279(15):1200-5
[PubMed PMID: 9555760]
Level 1 (high-level) evidence
[2]
Budnitz DS, Shehab N, Lovegrove MC, Geller AI, Lind JN, Pollock DA. US Emergency Department Visits Attributed to Medication Harms, 2017-2019. JAMA. 2021 Oct 5:326(13):1299-1309. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.13844. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 34609453]
[3]
Manasse HR Jr. Medication use in an imperfect world: drug misadventuring as an issue of public policy, Part 1. American journal of hospital pharmacy. 1989 May:46(5):929-44
[PubMed PMID: 2729301]
[4]
. International drug monitoring: the role of national centres. Report of a WHO meeting. World Health Organization technical report series. 1972:498():1-25
[PubMed PMID: 4625548]
[5]
Nebeker JR, Barach P, Samore MH. Clarifying adverse drug events: a clinician's guide to terminology, documentation, and reporting. Annals of internal medicine. 2004 May 18:140(10):795-801
[PubMed PMID: 15148066]
[6]
Edwards IR, Aronson JK. Adverse drug reactions: definitions, diagnosis, and management. Lancet (London, England). 2000 Oct 7:356(9237):1255-9
[PubMed PMID: 11072960]
[8]
Lee LM, Carias DC, Gosser R, Hannah A, Stephens S, Templeman WA. ASHP Guidelines on Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring and Reporting. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 2022 Jan 1:79(1):e83-e89. doi: 10.1093/ajhp/zxab324. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 34480176]
[9]
Coleman JJ, Pontefract SK. Adverse drug reactions. Clinical medicine (London, England). 2016 Oct:16(5):481-485
[PubMed PMID: 27697815]
[15]
Shiohara T, Mizukawa Y. Fixed drug eruption: a disease mediated by self-inflicted responses of intraepidermal T cells. European journal of dermatology : EJD. 2007 May-Jun:17(3):201-8
[PubMed PMID: 17478380]
[16]
Mizukawa Y, Shiohara T. Fixed drug eruption: a prototypic disorder mediated by effector memory T cells. Current allergy and asthma reports. 2009 Jan:9(1):71-7
[PubMed PMID: 19063828]
[17]
Ozkaya E. Fixed drug eruption: state of the art. Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG. 2008 Mar:6(3):181-8
[PubMed PMID: 18076661]
[18]
McNeil BD, Pundir P, Meeker S, Han L, Undem BJ, Kulka M, Dong X. Identification of a mast-cell-specific receptor crucial for pseudo-allergic drug reactions. Nature. 2015 Mar 12:519(7542):237-41. doi: 10.1038/nature14022. Epub 2014 Dec 17
[PubMed PMID: 25517090]
[21]
Simons FE. Anaphylaxis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2010 Feb:125(2 Suppl 2):S161-81. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.981. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 20176258]
[22]
Shaker MS, Wallace DV, Golden DBK, Oppenheimer J, Bernstein JA, Campbell RL, Dinakar C, Ellis A, Greenhawt M, Khan DA, Lang DM, Lang ES, Lieberman JA, Portnoy J, Rank MA, Stukus DR, Wang J, Collaborators, Riblet N, Bobrownicki AMP, Bontrager T, Dusin J, Foley J, Frederick B, Fregene E, Hellerstedt S, Hassan F, Hess K, Horner C, Huntington K, Kasireddy P, Keeler D, Kim B, Lieberman P, Lindhorst E, McEnany F, Milbank J, Murphy H, Pando O, Patel AK, Ratliff N, Rhodes R, Robertson K, Scott H, Snell A, Sullivan R, Trivedi V, Wickham A, Chief Editors, Shaker MS, Wallace DV, Workgroup Contributors, Shaker MS, Wallace DV, Bernstein JA, Campbell RL, Dinakar C, Ellis A, Golden DBK, Greenhawt M, Lieberman JA, Rank MA, Stukus DR, Wang J, Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters Reviewers, Shaker MS, Wallace DV, Golden DBK, Bernstein JA, Dinakar C, Ellis A, Greenhawt M, Horner C, Khan DA, Lieberman JA, Oppenheimer J, Rank MA, Shaker MS, Stukus DR, Wang J. Anaphylaxis-a 2020 practice parameter update, systematic review, and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) analysis. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2020 Apr:145(4):1082-1123. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.01.017. Epub 2020 Jan 28
[PubMed PMID: 32001253]
Level 1 (high-level) evidence
[24]
Roujeau JC, Stern RS. Severe adverse cutaneous reactions to drugs. The New England journal of medicine. 1994 Nov 10:331(19):1272-85
[PubMed PMID: 7794310]
[25]
Bastuji-Garin S, Rzany B, Stern RS, Shear NH, Naldi L, Roujeau JC. Clinical classification of cases of toxic epidermal necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and erythema multiforme. Archives of dermatology. 1993 Jan:129(1):92-6
[PubMed PMID: 8420497]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[27]
Sidoroff A, Halevy S, Bavinck JN, Vaillant L, Roujeau JC. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP)--a clinical reaction pattern. Journal of cutaneous pathology. 2001 Mar:28(3):113-9
[PubMed PMID: 11168761]
[28]
Speeckaert MM, Speeckaert R, Lambert J, Brochez L. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis: an overview of the clinical, immunological and diagnostic concepts. European journal of dermatology : EJD. 2010 Jul-Aug:20(4):425-33. doi: 10.1684/ejd.2010.0932. Epub 2010 Jun 14
[PubMed PMID: 20542841]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[29]
Alniemi DT, Wetter DA, Bridges AG, El-Azhary RA, Davis MD, Camilleri MJ, McEvoy MT. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis: clinical characteristics, etiologic associations, treatments, and outcomes in a series of 28 patients at Mayo Clinic, 1996-2013. International journal of dermatology. 2017 Apr:56(4):405-414. doi: 10.1111/ijd.13434. Epub 2017 Jan 13
[PubMed PMID: 28084022]
[30]
Roujeau JC, Bioulac-Sage P, Bourseau C, Guillaume JC, Bernard P, Lok C, Plantin P, Claudy A, Delavierre C, Vaillant L. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis. Analysis of 63 cases. Archives of dermatology. 1991 Sep:127(9):1333-8
[PubMed PMID: 1832534]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[31]
Creadore A, Desai S, Alloo A, Dewan AK, Bakhtiar M, Cruz-Diaz C, Femia A, Fox L, Katz KL, Micheletti R, Nelson CA, Ortega-Loayza AG, Patrinely JR Jr, Plovanich M, Rosenbach M, Shaigany S, Shields BE, Saleh JZ, Sharif-Sidi Z, Shinkai K, Smith J, Su C, Wanat KA, Wieser JK, Wright S, Noe MH, Mostaghimi A. Clinical Characteristics, Disease Course, and Outcomes of Patients With Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis in the US. JAMA dermatology. 2022 Feb 1:158(2):176-183. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2021.5390. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 34985493]
[32]
Cardoso CS, Vieira AM, Oliveira AP. DRESS syndrome: a case report and literature review. BMJ case reports. 2011 Jun 3:2011():. doi: 10.1136/bcr.02.2011.3898. Epub 2011 Jun 3
[PubMed PMID: 22693316]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[34]
Fitzgerald RJ. Medication errors: the importance of an accurate drug history. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2009 Jun:67(6):671-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03424.x. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 19594536]
[35]
Naranjo CA, Busto U, Sellers EM, Sandor P, Ruiz I, Roberts EA, Janecek E, Domecq C, Greenblatt DJ. A method for estimating the probability of adverse drug reactions. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics. 1981 Aug:30(2):239-45
[PubMed PMID: 7249508]
[36]
Bégaud B, Evreux JC, Jouglard J, Lagier G. [Imputation of the unexpected or toxic effects of drugs. Actualization of the method used in France]. Therapie. 1985 Mar-Apr:40(2):111-8
[PubMed PMID: 4002188]
[37]
Kramer MS, Hutchinson TA. The Yale algorithm. Special workshop--clinical. Drug information journal. 1984:18(3-4):283-91
[PubMed PMID: 10268557]
[38]
Jones JK. Adverse drug reactions in the community health setting: approaches to recognizing, counseling, and reporting. Family & community health. 1982 Aug:5(2):58-67
[PubMed PMID: 10278126]
[39]
Mashford ML. The Australian method of drug-event assessment. Special workshop--regulatory. Drug information journal. 1984:18(3-4):271-3
[PubMed PMID: 10268555]
[40]
Koh Y, Yap CW, Li SC. A quantitative approach of using genetic algorithm in designing a probability scoring system of an adverse drug reaction assessment system. International journal of medical informatics. 2008 Jun:77(6):421-30
[PubMed PMID: 17921048]
[41]
Valent P, Sperr WR, Sotlar K, Reiter A, Akin C, Gotlib J, Horny HP, Arock M. The serum tryptase test: an emerging robust biomarker in clinical hematology. Expert review of hematology. 2014 Oct:7(5):683-90. doi: 10.1586/17474086.2014.955008. Epub 2014 Aug 28
[PubMed PMID: 25169217]
[42]
Schwartz LB, Metcalfe DD, Miller JS, Earl H, Sullivan T. Tryptase levels as an indicator of mast-cell activation in systemic anaphylaxis and mastocytosis. The New England journal of medicine. 1987 Jun 25:316(26):1622-6
[PubMed PMID: 3295549]
[43]
Empedrad R, Darter AL, Earl HS, Gruchalla RS. Nonirritating intradermal skin test concentrations for commonly prescribed antibiotics. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 2003 Sep:112(3):629-30
[PubMed PMID: 13679828]
[44]
Barbaud A. Skin testing in delayed reactions to drugs. Immunology and allergy clinics of North America. 2009 Aug:29(3):517-35. doi: 10.1016/j.iac.2009.04.010. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 19563995]
[45]
Romano A, Blanca M, Torres MJ, Bircher A, Aberer W, Brockow K, Pichler WJ, Demoly P, ENDA, EAACI. Diagnosis of nonimmediate reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics. Allergy. 2004 Nov:59(11):1153-60
[PubMed PMID: 15461594]
[46]
Dykewicz MS, Lam JK. Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions. The Medical clinics of North America. 2020 Jan:104(1):109-128. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2019.09.003. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 31757230]
[47]
Zuberbier T, Asero R, Bindslev-Jensen C, Walter Canonica G, Church MK, Giménez-Arnau AM, Grattan CEH, Kapp A, Maurer M, Merk HF, Rogala B, Saini S, Sánchez-Borges M, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Schünemann H, Staubach P, Vena GA, Wedi B. EAACI/GA(2)LEN/EDF/WAO guideline: management of urticaria. Allergy. 2009 Oct:64(10):1427-1443. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02178.x. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 19772513]
[48]
Grattan C, Powell S, Humphreys F, British Association of Dermatologists. Management and diagnostic guidelines for urticaria and angio-oedema. The British journal of dermatology. 2001 Apr:144(4):708-14
[PubMed PMID: 11298527]
[49]
Lin RY, Curry A, Pesola GR, Knight RJ, Lee HS, Bakalchuk L, Tenenbaum C, Westfal RE. Improved outcomes in patients with acute allergic syndromes who are treated with combined H1 and H2 antagonists. Annals of emergency medicine. 2000 Nov:36(5):462-8
[PubMed PMID: 11054200]
[50]
Pollack CV Jr, Romano TJ. Outpatient management of acute urticaria: the role of prednisone. Annals of emergency medicine. 1995 Nov:26(5):547-51
[PubMed PMID: 7486360]
[51]
Schneck J, Fagot JP, Sekula P, Sassolas B, Roujeau JC, Mockenhaupt M. Effects of treatments on the mortality of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: A retrospective study on patients included in the prospective EuroSCAR Study. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2008 Jan:58(1):33-40
[PubMed PMID: 17919775]
Level 2 (mid-level) evidence
[52]
Lee HY, Chou D, Pang SM, Thirumoorthy T. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis: analysis of cases managed in a tertiary hospital in Singapore. International journal of dermatology. 2010 May:49(5):507-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04313.x. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 20534083]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[53]
Ingen-Housz-Oro S, Hotz C, Valeyrie-Allanore L, Sbidian E, Hemery F, Chosidow O, Wolkenstein P. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis: a retrospective audit of practice between 1994 and 2011 at a single centre. The British journal of dermatology. 2015:172(5):1455-7. doi: 10.1111/bjd.13540. Epub 2015 Mar 15
[PubMed PMID: 25399843]
Level 2 (mid-level) evidence
[54]
Ingen-Housz-Oro S, Duong TA, Bensaid B, Bellon N, de Prost N, Lu D, Lebrun-Vignes B, Gueudry J, Bequignon E, Zaghbib K, Royer G, Colin A, Do-Pham G, Bodemer C, Ortonne N, Barbaud A, Fardet L, Chosidow O, Wolkenstein P, French National Reference Center for Toxic Bullous Dermatoses. Epidermal necrolysis French national diagnosis and care protocol (PNDS; protocole national de diagnostic et de soins). Orphanet journal of rare diseases. 2018 Apr 10:13(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s13023-018-0793-7. Epub 2018 Apr 10
[PubMed PMID: 29636107]
[55]
Creamer D, Walsh SA, Dziewulski P, Exton LS, Lee HY, Dart JK, Setterfield J, Bunker CB, Ardern-Jones MR, Watson KM, Wong GA, Philippidou M, Vercueil A, Martin RV, Williams G, Shah M, Brown D, Williams P, Mohd Mustapa MF, Smith CH. U.K. guidelines for the management of Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis in adults 2016. The British journal of dermatology. 2016 Jun:174(6):1194-227. doi: 10.1111/bjd.14530. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 27317286]
[56]
Sekula P, Dunant A, Mockenhaupt M, Naldi L, Bouwes Bavinck JN, Halevy S, Kardaun S, Sidoroff A, Liss Y, Schumacher M, Roujeau JC, RegiSCAR study group. Comprehensive survival analysis of a cohort of patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. The Journal of investigative dermatology. 2013 May:133(5):1197-204. doi: 10.1038/jid.2012.510. Epub 2013 Feb 7
[PubMed PMID: 23389396]
[57]
Heng YK, Lee HY, Roujeau JC. Epidermal necrolysis: 60 years of errors and advances. The British journal of dermatology. 2015 Nov:173(5):1250-4. doi: 10.1111/bjd.13989. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 26769645]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[58]
Valeyrie-Allanore L, Wolkenstein P, Brochard L, Ortonne N, Maître B, Revuz J, Bagot M, Roujeau JC. Open trial of ciclosporin treatment for Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. The British journal of dermatology. 2010 Oct:163(4):847-53. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09863.x. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 20500799]
[59]
Wang CW, Yang LY, Chen CB, Ho HC, Hung SI, Yang CH, Chang CJ, Su SC, Hui RC, Chin SW, Huang LF, Lin YY, Chang WY, Fan WL, Yang CY, Ho JC, Chang YC, Lu CW, Chung WH, the Taiwan Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reaction (TSCAR) Consortium. Randomized, controlled trial of TNF-α antagonist in CTL-mediated severe cutaneous adverse reactions. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2018 Mar 1:128(3):985-996. doi: 10.1172/JCI93349. Epub 2018 Feb 5
[PubMed PMID: 29400697]
Level 1 (high-level) evidence
[60]
Zimmermann S, Sekula P, Venhoff M, Motschall E, Knaus J, Schumacher M, Mockenhaupt M. Systemic Immunomodulating Therapies for Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA dermatology. 2017 Jun 1:153(6):514-522. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2016.5668. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 28329382]
Level 1 (high-level) evidence
[61]
Descamps V, Ben Saïd B, Sassolas B, Truchetet F, Avenel-Audran M, Girardin P, Guinnepain MT, Mathelier-Fusade P, Assier H, Milpied B, Modiano P, Lebrun-Vignes B, Barbaud A, groupe Toxidermies de la Société française de dermatologie. [Management of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)]. Annales de dermatologie et de venereologie. 2010 Nov:137(11):703-8. doi: 10.1016/j.annder.2010.04.024. Epub 2010 Aug 5
[PubMed PMID: 21074653]
[62]
Cabañas R, Ramírez E, Sendagorta E, Alamar R, Barranco R, Blanca-López N, Doña I, Fernández J, Garcia-Nunez I, García-Samaniego J, Lopez-Rico R, Marín-Serrano E, Mérida C, Moya M, Ortega-Rodríguez NR, Rivas Becerra B, Rojas-Perez-Ezquerra P, Sánchez-González MJ, Vega-Cabrera C, Vila-Albelda C, Bellón T. Spanish Guidelines for Diagnosis, Management, Treatment, and Prevention of DRESS Syndrome. Journal of investigational allergology & clinical immunology. 2020:30(4):229-253. doi: 10.18176/jiaci.0480. Epub 2020 Jan 14
[PubMed PMID: 31932268]
[63]
Funck-Brentano E, Duong TA, Bouvresse S, Bagot M, Wolkenstein P, Roujeau JC, Chosidow O, Valeyrie-Allanore L. Therapeutic management of DRESS: a retrospective study of 38 cases. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2015 Feb:72(2):246-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.10.032. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 25592341]
Level 2 (mid-level) evidence
[64]
Shiohara T, Kano Y. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): incidence, pathogenesis and management. Expert opinion on drug safety. 2017 Feb:16(2):139-147. doi: 10.1080/14740338.2017.1270940. Epub 2016 Dec 21
[PubMed PMID: 27936971]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[65]
Nguyen E, Yanes D, Imadojemu S, Kroshinsky D. Evaluation of Cyclosporine for the Treatment of DRESS Syndrome. JAMA dermatology. 2020 Jun 1:156(6):704-706. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.0048. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 32159726]
[66]
Singer EM, Wanat KA, Rosenbach MA. A case of recalcitrant DRESS syndrome with multiple autoimmune sequelae treated with intravenous immunoglobulins. JAMA dermatology. 2013 Apr:149(4):494-5. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.1949. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 23715168]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[67]
Simons KJ, Simons FE. Epinephrine and its use in anaphylaxis: current issues. Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology. 2010 Aug:10(4):354-61. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0b013e32833bc670. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 20543673]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[68]
Wendel GD Jr, Stark BJ, Jamison RB, Molina RD, Sullivan TJ. Penicillin allergy and desensitization in serious infections during pregnancy. The New England journal of medicine. 1985 May 9:312(19):1229-32
[PubMed PMID: 3921835]
[69]
Wilson DL, Owens RC Jr, Zuckerman JB. Successful meropenem desensitization in a patient with cystic fibrosis. The Annals of pharmacotherapy. 2003 Oct:37(10):1424-8
[PubMed PMID: 14519038]
[70]
Burrows JA, Toon M, Bell SC. Antibiotic desensitization in adults with cystic fibrosis. Respirology (Carlton, Vic.). 2003 Sep:8(3):359-64
[PubMed PMID: 12911831]
[71]
Marshall J, Hayes BD, Koehl J, Hillmann W, Bravard MA, Jacob S, Gil R, Mitchell E, Ferrante F, Giulietti J, Tull A, Liu X, Lucier D. Effects of a pharmacy-driven medication history program on patient outcomes. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 2022 Sep 22:79(19):1652-1662. doi: 10.1093/ajhp/zxac143. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 35596269]
[72]
Lucas LM, Colley CA. Recognizing and reporting adverse drug reactions. The Western journal of medicine. 1992 Feb:156(2):172-5
[PubMed PMID: 1536067]
[73]
Wood AJ, Stein CM, Woosley R. Making medicines safer--the need for an independent drug safety board. The New England journal of medicine. 1998 Dec 17:339(25):1851-4
[PubMed PMID: 9854125]
[74]
Classen DC, Pestotnik SL, Evans RS, Burke JP. Computerized surveillance of adverse drug events in hospital patients. JAMA. 1991 Nov 27:266(20):2847-51
[PubMed PMID: 1942452]
[75]
Hurdle JF, Weir CR, Roth B, Hoffman J, Nebeker JR. Critical gaps in the world's largest electronic medical record: Ad Hoc nursing narratives and invisible adverse drug events. AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium. 2003:2003():309-12
[PubMed PMID: 14728184]
[76]
Evans RS, Pestotnik SL, Classen DC, Bass SB, Burke JP. Prevention of adverse drug events through computerized surveillance. Proceedings. Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care. 1992:():437-41
[PubMed PMID: 1482913]