[2]
Dasarathy S,Mookerjee RP,Rackayova V,Rangroo Thrane V,Vairappan B,Ott P,Rose CF, Ammonia toxicity: from head to toe? Metabolic brain disease. 2017 Apr
[PubMed PMID: 28012068]
[4]
Walker V, Ammonia metabolism and hyperammonemic disorders. Advances in clinical chemistry. 2014;
[PubMed PMID: 25735860]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[6]
Braissant O,McLin VA,Cudalbu C, Ammonia toxicity to the brain. Journal of inherited metabolic disease. 2013 Jul
[PubMed PMID: 23109059]
[7]
Jurcă AD,Jurcă MC,Bembea M,Kozma K,Budişteanu M,Gug C, Clinical and genetic diversity of congenital hyperammonemia. Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie. 2018
[PubMed PMID: 30534838]
[8]
Usami M,Miyoshi M,Yamashita H, Gut microbiota and host metabolism in liver cirrhosis. World journal of gastroenterology. 2015 Nov 7
[PubMed PMID: 26556989]
[9]
Ballal SG,Ali BA,Albar AA,Ahmed HO,al-Hasan AY, Bronchial asthma in two chemical fertilizer producing factories in eastern Saudi Arabia. The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 1998 Apr
[PubMed PMID: 9559405]
[10]
O'Kane GJ, Inhalation of ammonia vapour. A report on the management of eight patients during the acute stages. Anaesthesia. 1983 Dec;
[PubMed PMID: 6660462]
[11]
Xu R,Tian H,Pan S,Prior SA,Feng Y,Batchelor WD,Chen J,Yang J, Global ammonia emissions from synthetic nitrogen fertilizer applications in agricultural systems: Empirical and process-based estimates and uncertainty. Global change biology. 2019 Jan
[PubMed PMID: 30358033]
[12]
Fedoruk MJ,Bronstein R,Kerger BD, Ammonia exposure and hazard assessment for selected household cleaning product uses. Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology. 2005 Nov
[PubMed PMID: 16030526]
[13]
Choudat D,Goehen M,Korobaeff M,Boulet A,Dewitte JD,Martin MH, Respiratory symptoms and bronchial reactivity among pig and dairy farmers. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health. 1994 Feb
[PubMed PMID: 8016599]
[14]
Cormier Y,Israël-Assayag E,Racine G,Duchaine C, Farming practices and the respiratory health risks of swine confinement buildings. The European respiratory journal. 2000 Mar
[PubMed PMID: 10759453]
[15]
Gummin DD,Mowry JB,Spyker DA,Brooks DE,Osterthaler KM,Banner W, 2017 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 35th Annual Report. Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.). 2018 Dec;
[PubMed PMID: 30576252]
[18]
Amshel CE,Fealk MH,Phillips BJ,Caruso DM, Anhydrous ammonia burns case report and review of the literature. Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries. 2000 Aug;
[PubMed PMID: 10812276]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[19]
Wibbenmeyer LA,Morgan LJ,Robinson BK,Smith SK,Lewis RW 2nd,Kealey GP, Our chemical burn experience: exposing the dangers of anhydrous ammonia. The Journal of burn care
[PubMed PMID: 10342477]
[20]
Sotiropoulos G,Kilaghbian T,Dougherty W,Henderson SO, Cold injury from pressurized liquid ammonia: a report of two cases. The Journal of emergency medicine. 1998 May-Jun;
[PubMed PMID: 9610968]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[22]
Helmers S,Top FH Sr,Knapp LW Jr, Ammonia injuries in agriculture. Journal of the Iowa Medical Society. 1971 May;
[PubMed PMID: 5556686]
[23]
Birken GA,Fabri PJ,Carey LC, Acute ammonia intoxication complicating multiple trauma. The Journal of trauma. 1981 Sep;
[PubMed PMID: 7277552]
[24]
NIOSH recommended standards for occupational exposure to ammonia and benzene. The International journal of occupational health
[PubMed PMID: 4430552]
[25]
LANDAHL HD,HERRMANN RG, Retention of vapors and gases in the human nose and lung. Archives of industrial hygiene and occupational medicine. 1950 Jan;
[PubMed PMID: 15419854]
[26]
SILVERMAN L,WHITTENBERGER JL,MULLER J, Physiological response of man to ammonia in low concentrations. The Journal of industrial hygiene and toxicology. 1949 Mar;
[PubMed PMID: 18126182]
[27]
Conn HO, Studies of the source and significance of blood ammonia. IV. Early ammonia peaks after ingestion of ammonium salts. The Yale journal of biology and medicine. 1972 Oct;
[PubMed PMID: 4635687]
[29]
Fürst P,Josephson B,Maschio G,Vinnars E, Nitrogen balance after intravenous and oral administration of ammonium salts to man. Journal of applied physiology. 1969 Jan;
[PubMed PMID: 5762867]
[30]
Gelu-Simeon M,Chuong AP,Saliba F,Thiery G,Laurent M,Vilain C,Borel M,Amaral L,Alexis M,Saint-Georges G,Saillard E, Submucosal hematoma: a new distinctive sign during emergency upper digestive endoscopy for ammonia ingestion. BMC gastroenterology. 2018 Jun 20;
[PubMed PMID: 29925326]
[31]
Cattan P,Munoz-Bongrand N,Berney T,Halimi B,Sarfati E,Celerier M, Extensive abdominal surgery after caustic ingestion. Annals of surgery. 2000 Apr
[PubMed PMID: 10749612]
[34]
Kerstein MD,Schaffzin DM,Hughes WB,Hensell DO, Acute management of exposure to liquid ammonia. Military medicine. 2001 Oct;
[PubMed PMID: 11603246]
[35]
Zargar SA, Kochhar R, Mehta S, Mehta SK. The role of fiberoptic endoscopy in the management of corrosive ingestion and modified endoscopic classification of burns. Gastrointestinal endoscopy. 1991 Mar-Apr:37(2):165-9
[PubMed PMID: 2032601]
[36]
Fontana L,Lee SJ,Capitanelli I,Re A,Maniscalco M,Mauriello MC,Iavicoli I, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Farmers: A Systematic Review. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine. 2017 Aug;
[PubMed PMID: 28594705]
Level 1 (high-level) evidence
[37]
de la Hoz RE,Schlueter DP,Rom WN, Chronic lung disease secondary to ammonia inhalation injury: a report on three cases. American journal of industrial medicine. 1996 Feb;
[PubMed PMID: 8821365]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[38]
Ortiz-Pujols S,Jones SW,Short KA,Morrell MR,Bermudez CA,Tilley SL,Cairns BA, Management and sequelae of a 41-year-old jehovah's witness with severe anhydrous ammonia inhalation injury. Journal of burn care
[PubMed PMID: 24784905]
[39]
NORTON RA, Esophageal and antral strictures due to ingestion of household ammonia: report of two cases. The New England journal of medicine. 1960 Jan 7;
[PubMed PMID: 14427683]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[40]
CHASSIN JL,SLATTERY LR, Jejunal stricture due to ingestion of ammonia; report of a case complicated by severe potassium deficiency. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1953 May 9;
[PubMed PMID: 13034548]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence