[1]
Laitinen EM, Vaaralahti K, Tommiska J, Eklund E, Tervaniemi M, Valanne L, Raivio T. Incidence, phenotypic features and molecular genetics of Kallmann syndrome in Finland. Orphanet journal of rare diseases. 2011 Jun 17:6():41. doi: 10.1186/1750-1172-6-41. Epub 2011 Jun 17
[PubMed PMID: 21682876]
[2]
Boehm U, Bouloux PM, Dattani MT, de Roux N, Dodé C, Dunkel L, Dwyer AA, Giacobini P, Hardelin JP, Juul A, Maghnie M, Pitteloud N, Prevot V, Raivio T, Tena-Sempere M, Quinton R, Young J. Expert consensus document: European Consensus Statement on congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism--pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Nature reviews. Endocrinology. 2015 Sep:11(9):547-64. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2015.112. Epub 2015 Jul 21
[PubMed PMID: 26194704]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[3]
Iolascon G, Frizzi L, Bianco M, Gimigliano F, Palumbo V, Sinisi AM, Sinisi AA. Bone involvement in males with Kallmann disease. Aging clinical and experimental research. 2015 Oct:27 Suppl 1():S31-6. doi: 10.1007/s40520-015-0421-5. Epub 2015 Jul 23
[PubMed PMID: 26201943]
[4]
Adam MP, Feldman J, Mirzaa GM, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Amemiya A, Balasubramanian R, Crowley WF Jr. Isolated Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Deficiency. GeneReviews(®). 1993:():
[PubMed PMID: 20301509]
[5]
Kim SH. Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism and Kallmann Syndrome: Past, Present, and Future. Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea). 2015 Dec:30(4):456-66. doi: 10.3803/EnM.2015.30.4.456. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 26790381]
[6]
Lima Amato LG, Latronico AC, Gontijo Silveira LF. Molecular and Genetic Aspects of Congenital Isolated Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism. Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America. 2017 Jun:46(2):283-303. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2017.01.010. Epub 2017 Feb 23
[PubMed PMID: 28476224]
[7]
Vezzoli V, Duminuco P, Bassi I, Guizzardi F, Persani L, Bonomi M. The complex genetic basis of congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Minerva endocrinologica. 2016 Jun:41(2):223-39
[PubMed PMID: 26934720]
[8]
Rhie YJ. Kisspeptin/G protein-coupled receptor-54 system as an essential gatekeeper of pubertal development. Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism. 2013 Jun:18(2):55-9. doi: 10.6065/apem.2013.18.2.55. Epub 2013 Jun 30
[PubMed PMID: 24904852]
[9]
Cioppi F, Riera-Escamilla A, Manilall A, Guarducci E, Todisco T, Corona G, Colombo F, Bonomi M, Flanagan CA, Krausz C. Genetics of ncHH: from a peculiar inheritance of a novel GNRHR mutation to a comprehensive review of the literature. Andrology. 2019 Jan:7(1):88-101. doi: 10.1111/andr.12563. Epub 2018 Dec 21
[PubMed PMID: 30575316]
[10]
Comninos AN, Dhillo WS. Emerging Roles of Kisspeptin in Sexual and Emotional Brain Processing. Neuroendocrinology. 2018:106(2):195-202. doi: 10.1159/000481137. Epub 2017 Aug 31
[PubMed PMID: 28866668]
[11]
Mills EGA, Dhillo WS, Comninos AN. Kisspeptin and the control of emotions, mood and reproductive behaviour. The Journal of endocrinology. 2018 Oct 1:239(1):R1–R12. doi: 10.1530/JOE-18-0269. Epub 2018 Oct 1
[PubMed PMID: 30306845]
[12]
Hrabovszky E. Neuroanatomy of the human hypothalamic kisspeptin system. Neuroendocrinology. 2014:99(1):33-48. doi: 10.1159/000356903. Epub 2013 Nov 8
[PubMed PMID: 24401651]
[13]
Mikkelsen JD, Simonneaux V. The neuroanatomy of the kisspeptin system in the mammalian brain. Peptides. 2009 Jan:30(1):26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.09.004. Epub 2008 Sep 18
[PubMed PMID: 18840491]
[14]
Lehman MN, Hileman SM, Goodman RL. Neuroanatomy of the kisspeptin signaling system in mammals: comparative and developmental aspects. Advances in experimental medicine and biology. 2013:784():27-62. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6199-9_3. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 23550001]
Level 2 (mid-level) evidence
[17]
AminiLari M, Manjoo P, Craigie S, Couban R, Wang L, Busse JW. Hormone Replacement Therapy and Opioid Tapering for Opioid-Induced Hypogonadism Among Patients with Chronic Noncancer Pain: A Systematic Review. Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.). 2019 Feb 1:20(2):301-313. doi: 10.1093/pm/pny040. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 29727002]
Level 1 (high-level) evidence
[18]
Pierzchlewska MM, Robaczyk MG, Vogel I. Induction of puberty with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) followed by reversal of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in Kallmann syndrome. Endokrynologia Polska. 2017:68(6):692-696. doi: 10.5603/EP.a2017.0059. Epub 2017 Oct 12
[PubMed PMID: 29022642]
[19]
McCabe MJ, Bancalari RE, Dattani MT. Diagnosis and evaluation of hypogonadism. Pediatric endocrinology reviews : PER. 2014 Feb:11 Suppl 2():214-29
[PubMed PMID: 24683946]
[20]
Swee DS, Quinton R, Maggi R. Recent advances in understanding and managing Kallmann syndrome. Faculty reviews. 2021:10():37. doi: 10.12703/r/10-37. Epub 2021 Apr 13
[PubMed PMID: 34046641]
Level 3 (low-level) evidence
[21]
López-Ojeda W, Hurley RA. Cranial Nerve Zero (CN 0): Multiple Names and Often Discounted yet Clinically Significant. The Journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences. 2022 Spring:34(2):A4-99. doi: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.22010021. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 35491548]
[22]
Amato E Jr, Taroc EZM, Forni PE. Illuminating the terminal nerve: Uncovering the link between GnRH-1 neuron and olfactory development. The Journal of comparative neurology. 2024 Mar:532(3):e25599. doi: 10.1002/cne.25599. Epub
[PubMed PMID: 38488687]
Level 2 (mid-level) evidence
[23]
Kirsch CFE, Khurram SA, Lambert D, Belani P, Pawha PS, Alipour A, Rashid S, Herb MT, Saju S, Zhu Y, Delman BN, Lin HM, Balchandani P. Seven-tesla magnetic resonance imaging of the nervus terminalis, olfactory tracts, and olfactory bulbs in COVID-19 patients with anosmia and hypogeusia. Frontiers in radiology. 2024:4():1322851. doi: 10.3389/fradi.2024.1322851. Epub 2024 Oct 1
[PubMed PMID: 39410969]
[24]
Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, Boyce A, Chrousos G, Corpas E, de Herder WW, Dhatariya K, Dungan K, Hofland J, Kalra S, Kaltsas G, Kapoor N, Koch C, Kopp P, Korbonits M, Kovacs CS, Kuohung W, Laferrère B, Levy M, McGee EA, McLachlan R, New M, Purnell J, Sahay R, Shah AS, Singer F, Sperling MA, Stratakis CA, Trence DL, Wilson DP, Hayes F, Dwyer A, Pitteloud N. Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (HH) and Gonadotropin Therapy. Endotext. 2000:():
[PubMed PMID: 25905304]
[25]
Patti G, Guzzeti C, Di Iorgi N, Maria Allegri AE, Napoli F, Loche S, Maghnie M. Central adrenal insufficiency in children and adolescents. Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism. 2018 Aug:32(4):425-444. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2018.03.012. Epub 2018 Apr 10
[PubMed PMID: 30086867]
[26]
Dwyer AA, Smith N, Quinton R. Psychological Aspects of Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism. Frontiers in endocrinology. 2019:10():353. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00353. Epub 2019 Jul 5
[PubMed PMID: 31333578]